Raoul Wallenberg

Raoul Wallenberg was a Swedish diplomat who organized protective documents and safe houses in Budapest in 1944, helping tens of thousands of Jews survive Nazi persecution.

Schutzpass: A protective passport issued by a neutral state to place a person under its diplomatic protection. Wallenberg issued Swedish Schutzpässe to identify Jews as people awaiting repatriation.
Hungarian Jews: Jewish communities that had lived in the Kingdom of Hungary and its successor states. They were the population Wallenberg’s Budapest mission sought to protect.
Per Anger: A Swedish diplomat who helped issue protective documents to Jews in Budapest during the Holocaust. Anger worked alongside Wallenberg at the Swedish legation and continued publicizing his fate.
Soviet detention of Raoul Wallenberg: The detention of Wallenberg by Soviet forces in Budapest in January 1945 and his subsequent disappearance into Soviet custody. His detention ended his rescue work and left his fate unresolved for decades.
International Ghetto: A Budapest district in which neutral states established protected houses for Jews during 1944–1945. Wallenberg helped organize protected buildings that sheltered Jews under Swedish diplomatic protection.
German occupation of Hungary: Germany’s military occupation of Hungary, begun on 19 March 1944. The occupation enabled mass deportations and prompted Sweden to intensify rescue efforts.
Iver Olsen: A US Treasury representative who helped recruit Wallenberg for the Budapest rescue mission. Olsen selected Wallenberg and connected the mission to American support.
Raoul Wallenberg's death: The unresolved circumstances surrounding Wallenberg’s reported death in Soviet custody in 1947. Conflicting evidence about his death fueled decades of investigation.
Swedish Legation in Budapest: Sweden’s diplomatic mission in Budapest during the Second World War. The legation supplied Wallenberg’s authority, staff, and diplomatic channels for rescue work.
Deportation of Hungarian Jews: The 1944 mass deportation of Hungarian Jews, chiefly to Auschwitz-Birkenau, under German and Hungarian direction. The deportations made Wallenberg’s arrival in Budapest an emergency intervention.

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