Ravachol

Ravachol was the alias of French anarchist François Claudius Koënigstein, whose 1892 bombings in Paris made him a notorious figure before his execution for murder and theft.

Boulevard Saint-Germain bombing: A March 1892 Paris bombing at the residence of examining magistrate Benoît, carried out by Ravachol. This attack targeted a magistrate involved in prosecuting anarchists.
François Claudius Koënigstein: The French criminal and anarchist known by the alias Ravachol. This is the identity behind the name associated with the Paris bombings.
Émile Henry: A French anarchist who carried out a bombing in Paris in 1894 and was executed that year. His later attacks followed Ravachol's example of spectacular violence in Paris.
French anarchist laws: A set of French laws enacted in 1893 and 1894 to suppress anarchist propaganda and activity. The laws followed the wave of violence that Ravachol's bombings helped intensify.
Lobau Barracks bombing: A March 1892 bombing of the Lobau Barracks in Paris, linked to Ravachol. It followed the arrest and harsh treatment of anarchists accused after the Clichy affair.
Propaganda of the deed: A revolutionary strategy that uses exemplary acts of violence to communicate political ideas. Ravachol's attacks were interpreted as a violent political message, not merely personal crimes.
Auguste Vaillant: A French anarchist who bombed the French Chamber of Deputies in 1893. His attack continued the cycle of anarchist bombings associated with Ravachol's legacy.
Anarchist panic: Public and governmental fear of anarchist violence, especially prominent in the late nineteenth century. Ravachol became a prominent focus of French fears about bombings and political violence.
Clichy affair: A 1891 Paris confrontation in which police arrested anarchists after a May Day demonstration. Ravachol presented his bombings as retaliation for the treatment of anarchists arrested at Clichy.
Anarchism in France: The development of anarchist movements and ideas in France, especially during the nineteenth century. French anarchist politics formed the setting for Ravachol's stated motives.

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