Raymond Washington

Raymond Washington was a Los Angeles street gang leader who founded the Crips in 1969. He helped shape the gang’s early identity before his death in 1979.

Crips: The Crips are a Los Angeles-originated street gang alliance founded in 1969. Washington founded the organization that became the Crips.
Darryl Gates: Darryl Gates was chief of the Los Angeles Police Department from 1978 to 1992. His tenure included the LAPD’s escalating response to Los Angeles gang violence after Washington’s death.
Bloods: The Bloods are a Los Angeles-originated street gang alliance that developed partly in opposition to the Crips. The rivalry associated with the Bloods became a defining consequence of the Crips’ expansion.
Crips–Bloods rivalry: The Crips–Bloods rivalry is a prolonged conflict between Los Angeles gang alliances and affiliated sets. Its later prominence contrasts with Washington’s role in the Crips’ earlier formation.
Stanley Tookie Williams: Stanley Tookie Williams was a co-founder of the Crips and a prominent Los Angeles gang leader. Williams and Washington are widely identified as the Crips’ co-founders.
Jeffrey Williams: Jeffrey Williams, known as Big Jeff, was a Los Angeles gang leader associated with the Crips’ early history. Accounts of Washington’s death identify Big Jeff as the gunman, though details vary.
Gang injunction: A gang injunction is a court order restricting named people from specified activities in a defined area. Los Angeles later used injunctions against gangs including Crips sets.
Raymond Washington’s death: Raymond Washington was killed in Los Angeles in 1979; accounts identify him as a victim of a shooting. His killing ended his direct leadership and remains a central episode in accounts of his life.
South Central Los Angeles: South Central Los Angeles is a region of Los Angeles with a long history of racial segregation and disinvestment. Washington’s early organizing took place amid neighborhood conflict and limited opportunities in this area.
Donald Bakeer: Donald Bakeer is a former Los Angeles gang member and author who wrote about the Crips’ origins. His first-person account is among the sources used to reconstruct Washington’s early circle.

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