Reaction rate

Reaction rate is the change in the amount or concentration of a chemical species per unit time. It describes how quickly reactants are consumed or products are formed.

Rate law: An equation relating reaction rate to reactant concentrations, usually with experimentally determined exponents. It expresses how a reaction’s rate depends on the concentrations of its reactants.
Concentration: The amount of a substance present in a defined volume or other specified quantity of mixture. Concentration change per time is a common way to report reaction rate.
Initial rates method: An experimental method that determines a rate law by comparing rates measured at different initial concentrations. It estimates reaction orders before product buildup complicates the measurements.
Average reaction rate: The change in concentration over a finite time interval divided by the interval’s duration. It summarizes a time span, unlike the instantaneous rate at a particular moment.
Reaction order: The exponent of a reactant concentration in a rate law, or the sum of those exponents. Its values quantify how strongly concentration changes affect the reaction rate.
Stoichiometry: The quantitative relationships among reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Stoichiometric coefficients relate the rates of consumption and formation of different species.
Integrated rate law: An equation giving reactant concentration as a function of time for a specified rate law. It translates a rate law into concentration predictions over the course of a reaction.
Instantaneous reaction rate: The rate of concentration change at a specific instant, defined by a time derivative. It captures the local speed rather than an interval-wide average.
Rate constant: A proportionality constant in a rate law whose value depends on temperature and other conditions. It sets the rate scale for a particular rate law under specified conditions.
Chemical reaction: A process in which substances are transformed through the breaking and formation of chemical bonds. Reaction rate measures the speed at which this transformation proceeds.

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