Real property

Real property is land, permanent attachments such as buildings and trees, and certain rights tied to owning or using land.

Land: The surface of the Earth, together with the space and natural resources legally associated with it. It is the core physical subject of real-property ownership.
Deed: A legal instrument that transfers an interest in real property. A deed commonly records the formal conveyance of ownership between parties.
Personal property: Property consisting of movable objects and certain intangible assets rather than land or its permanent attachments. Its distinction from real property determines how many ownership and transfer rules apply.
Real estate appraisal: The professional estimation of a property's market value or another defined value. Appraisals inform sales, lending, taxation, and other decisions involving real property.
Adverse possession: A doctrine allowing a person who possesses land under specified conditions to acquire title over time. It shows that long-term possession can sometimes displace the recorded owner's claim.
Fixture (property law): A movable object treated as part of real property because of its attachment to land or a building. Fixtures show how an object can become part of the property rather than remain personal property.
Land registration: A system for recording interests in land and making them legally or publicly identifiable. Registration helps establish and communicate claims against a parcel.
Chattel: A tangible movable item of personal property. A chattel may be physically near land yet remain legally separate from it.
Zoning: Local regulation dividing land into districts with rules for permitted uses and development. Zoning limits how owners may develop or use particular parcels.
Land reform: Changes to laws or policies governing land ownership, distribution, or use. Reform efforts challenge how real property is allocated and controlled.

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