Rebellion

A rebellion is an organized uprising against an established government, authority, or system of rule. It challenges that authority without necessarily seeking to replace the entire political order.

Insurgency: An organized campaign of armed resistance against a government or occupying power, often using irregular warfare. Insurgency describes a sustained form of rebellion that contests state control through armed resistance.
English Civil War: A series of armed conflicts in England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1639 to 1651 over political and religious authority. It began with resistance to royal authority and developed into a struggle over the English state.
Political authority: The recognized right or capacity to make and enforce collective decisions within a political community. Rebellion contests the legitimacy, reach, or exercise of this authority.
State formation: The historical process through which political institutions and territorial states are established and consolidated. Successful uprisings can create new states or reorganize existing ones.
Civil resistance: Collective action that uses nonviolent methods to oppose authority or bring about political change. Some rebellions rely on nonviolent pressure rather than armed force.
American Revolution: The political and military struggle from 1765 to 1783 in which thirteen British colonies established the United States. Colonial resistance to British rule illustrates how rebellion can seek independence and create a new state.
Legitimacy (political): The recognized justification for a government’s right to rule and exercise power. A crisis of legitimacy can weaken obedience and make resistance easier to organize.
Political repression: The use of state power to restrict opposition, dissent, or political participation. Authorities may answer rebellion by intensifying coercion against opponents and bystanders.
Guerrilla warfare: Irregular warfare in which small forces use mobility, surprise, and local support against stronger opponents. Rebel groups may use guerrilla tactics when they cannot match government forces conventionally.
Haitian Revolution: A revolution from 1791 to 1804 in which enslaved people and allies ended French colonial rule and founded Haiti. It shows an uprising against both colonial government and the institution of slavery.

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