Recall (memory)

Recall is the retrieval of stored information or experiences without the information being fully presented as a cue. It can be deliberate or spontaneous.

Retrieval cue: A stimulus or piece of information that helps bring a stored memory to mind. Cues can initiate recall by activating associations linked to a memory.
Recognition memory: The ability to identify information or experiences as previously encountered. Recognition supplies the item itself as a cue, unlike recall's need to retrieve it.
Free recall test: A memory test that asks people to reproduce studied material without specific prompts. It measures how much information can be retrieved with little cue support.
Reconstructive memory: The process by which remembered events are rebuilt from stored details, expectations, and later information. Recall can reconstruct an event rather than replay it exactly.
Memory: The capacity to encode, retain, and use information from past experience. Recall is one way memory makes retained information accessible.
Encoding specificity principle: The principle that retrieval improves when cues overlap with conditions present during encoding. It explains why details from the original learning context can aid recall.
Free recall: Recall of studied items in any order, without item-specific prompts. It is a common test of recall with minimal external cueing.
Serial recall: Recall of a sequence of items in the order in which they were presented. It tests recall when both item retrieval and order must be preserved.
Misinformation effect: The distortion of memory for an event by misleading information encountered afterward. Post-event suggestions can alter what a person later recalls.
Episodic memory: Memory for personally experienced events situated in a particular time and place. Recalling an episode involves retrieving details tied to a past event.

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