Recorder

A recorder is a woodwind instrument sounded by blowing through a duct against a sharp edge. Players change pitch by opening and closing holes along its body.

Fipple: A ducted mouthpiece that directs an air stream against a sharp edge to produce sound. The recorder’s fipple channels breath toward the labium, generating its tone.
Woodwind instrument: A musical instrument that produces sound by vibrating air within a tube, commonly through a reed or an air jet. The recorder belongs to the woodwind family despite having no reed.
Medieval music: The musical traditions of Europe during the Middle Ages, roughly from the fifth to the fifteenth century. Recorder-like duct flutes appear in medieval European musical contexts.
School music education: The teaching and learning of music in primary and secondary schools. The inexpensive, accessible recorder is widely used to introduce notation and ensemble playing.
Transverse flute: A flute held sideways, sounded by directing the player’s breath across an embouchure hole. Unlike the recorder, the transverse flute requires the player to form and aim the air stream.
Labium: The sharp edge in a duct flute where an air stream splits and sets the air column vibrating. The recorder’s labium is the edge that turns the windway’s air jet into oscillation.
Flute: A family of wind instruments in which an air stream is directed across an opening or edge to produce sound. The recorder shares edge-tone sound production with flutes but uses a duct to guide the air.
Renaissance music: European music from roughly the fifteenth through the early seventeenth century, marked by polyphony and expanding instrumental practice. The recorder flourished in Renaissance ensembles and consort music.
Recorder sonata: A sonata composed for recorder, typically with a keyboard or continuo accompaniment. Baroque recorder sonatas demonstrate the instrument’s capabilities as a solo voice.
Whistle: A simple ducted instrument that produces a tone when blown through a mouthpiece. Whistles share the recorder’s duct principle but usually have fewer notes and simpler musical design.

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