Refugee

A refugee is a person who meets a legal definition requiring protection outside their country of origin, generally because of persecution or serious threats.

1951 Refugee Convention: The treaty defining refugee status and setting out core protections for refugees. Its Article 1 supplies the central international definition used to identify refugees.
Internally displaced person: A person forced to leave home but who remains within their own country’s borders. Crossing an international border is a defining distinction between this category and refugees.
Refugee status determination: The process of deciding whether an individual meets the legal definition of a refugee. This procedure assesses evidence, credibility, and the applicable legal criteria.
League of Nations: An international organization established after World War I to promote cooperation and peace. Its interwar refugee arrangements helped establish international responsibility for displaced populations.
Refugee resettlement: The transfer of refugees from a country of asylum to another state that admits them for permanent settlement. Resettlement offers a durable solution when return or integration in the first country is not viable.
Persecution: Severe harm or discrimination directed at people because of identity, belief, or membership in a group. Under the Convention definition, persecution is central to a well-founded fear of return.
Migrant: A person who moves from one place or country to another, without one universal legal definition. Migration alone does not establish the persecution-based grounds required for refugee status.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees: The United Nations agency mandated to protect refugees and support solutions to displacement. UNHCR conducts status determination in some settings and guides states on refugee protection.
Nansen passport: An identity and travel certificate created for stateless refugees under League of Nations auspices in 1922. It was an early international document designed specifically for people fleeing without national protection.
Refugee integration: The process through which refugees establish lasting social, economic, and legal participation in a host country. Local integration can provide stability and a long-term alternative to return or resettlement.

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