Relapse

Relapse is the return or worsening of a disease after a period of improvement. It can occur in chronic, recurrent, or episodic conditions.

Minimal residual disease: A small number of disease cells remain after treatment, below the level detectable by standard tests. Residual cancer cells can survive apparent remission and later drive relapse.
Remission: A period when signs and symptoms of a disease lessen or disappear. Relapse describes disease returning after this period of improvement.
Relapse prevention: Strategies intended to reduce the chance that a disease or harmful behavior returns. Prevention aims to interrupt the processes that make disease recur.
Cancer recurrence: The return of cancer after a period when it could not be detected or was controlled. Cancer relapse may be local, regional, or distant, depending on where it returns.
Cancer dormancy: A state in which cancer cells persist without forming an actively growing tumor. Dormant cells can resume growth long after treatment and cause cancer relapse.
Disease recurrence: The reappearance of a disease after it has subsided or been treated. Recurrence is a broad term that often includes relapse.
Maintenance therapy: Treatment continued after an initial response to help preserve disease control. Ongoing therapy can lower the risk of relapse in some diseases.
Major depressive disorder: A mood disorder marked by episodes of persistent sadness or loss of interest and other symptoms. Depressive episodes can return after improvement, creating a relapse pattern.
Antimicrobial resistance: The ability of microorganisms to survive exposure to medicines that once inhibited or killed them. Drug-resistant pathogens can survive treatment and cause an infection to return.
Refractory disease: A disease that does not respond adequately to treatment. Refractory disease persists despite therapy rather than returning after improvement.

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