Knowra Relational database Relational database A database that organizes data into tables of rows and columns governed by a defined schema. Relationships between records are represented through shared values, commonly enforced with keys.
Relational model : A data model that represents information as relations, typically implemented as tables, and manipulates them using relational operations. It supplies the formal structure behind tables and relationships in relational databases.
Database schema : A formal description of a database’s structure, including its tables, columns, types, and constraints. A relational database’s defined schema specifies what data its tables can contain.
Online transaction processing : A computing approach that processes many short, concurrent transactions while maintaining accurate records. Relational databases commonly manage the small, reliable updates required by transaction systems.
Document-oriented database : A database that stores records as documents, often with flexible or nested fields. Document databases permit varied record structures where relational schemas require defined columns.
Primary key : A column or set of columns whose values uniquely identify each row in a table. Primary keys give each stored record a stable identity.
Database table : A structured collection of rows and columns that stores records of a common type. Tables are the basic visible structures in which relational databases organize records.
ACID : Four transaction properties—atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability—that protect reliable database updates. ACID guarantees help relational systems handle concurrent changes without losing consistency.
Graph database : A database that represents entities as nodes and their connections as explicit edges. Graph databases make highly connected data central rather than expressing links through table joins.
Foreign key : A column or set of columns that references a key in another table, enforcing a relationship between rows. Foreign keys connect tables while helping preserve referential integrity.
Tuple : An ordered collection of values; in the relational model, a tuple represents one row in a relation. Each table row corresponds to a tuple in the relational model.
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