Relief printing

Relief printing transfers ink from raised areas of a prepared surface onto paper or another support. The unprinted areas are cut away or left lower than the image.

Woodcut: A relief-printing technique in which an image is carved into a block of wood. Woodcut is the classic method of printing from raised surfaces.
Relief (visual art): A sculptural form in which figures project from a continuous background surface. Relief printing adapts the raised-and-recessed principle of relief surfaces.
Woodblock printing in China: The early Chinese practice of printing texts and images from carved wooden blocks. It is among the earliest established traditions of relief printing.
Letterpress printing: A relief-printing process that prints text and images from raised type or plates. It applies the same raised-surface principle to pages of text.
Intaglio: A printmaking process in which ink is held in grooves cut below a plate’s surface. Intaglio prints from recesses rather than raised image areas.
Linocut: A relief-printing technique that cuts an image into linoleum. Its softer material makes carving a distinct alternative to wood.
Matrix (printmaking): The plate, block, or other prepared surface from which a print is made. A relief block is one kind of printmaking matrix.
Diamond Sutra: A Chinese Buddhist scripture printed in 868, preserved as the earliest known dated, complete printed book. Its printed frontispiece documents early woodblock image-making.
Movable type: Reusable individual characters arranged to compose text for printing. Raised type can be inked and printed by the relief method.
Lithography: A planographic printing process based on the mutual resistance of oil and water. Unlike relief printing, lithography prints from a flat surface.

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