Religious epistemology

Religious epistemology studies how religious beliefs can count as knowledge, what justifies them, and whether faith is rational.

Epistemology: The philosophical study of knowledge, justification, and rational belief. Religious epistemology applies these general questions to religious claims.
Evidentialism: The view that a belief is rational only when supported by sufficient evidence. It makes religious belief answer to evidence available to the believer.
Atheism: The absence of belief in gods or the belief that no gods exist. Arguments for and against theism frame disputes about religious justification.
William James: An American philosopher and psychologist whose work defended the permissibility of commitment under evidential uncertainty. His account of the will to believe addresses choices that evidence cannot settle.
Natural theology: The attempt to establish claims about God through reason and the natural world rather than revelation alone. Its arguments supply proposed evidence for religious belief.
Knowledge: A successful cognitive relation to truth, often analyzed through truth, belief, and justification. Religious claims to know God or divine truths depend on what knowledge requires.
Reformed epistemology: A Christian philosophical approach holding that belief in God can be properly basic without inferential evidence. It directly challenges the demand that belief in God rest on arguments.
Agnosticism: The view that the existence of God or gods is unknown or unknowable. It highlights the distinction between suspending judgment and holding a religious belief.
Alvin Plantinga: An American analytic philosopher known for work on epistemology, metaphysics, and Christian belief. His reformed epistemology made warrant for belief in God a central contemporary debate.
Arguments for the existence of God: Philosophical arguments that infer God's existence from reason, experience, or features of the world. Their success and evidential force are direct tests of theistic justification.

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