Ren (Confucianism)

Ren is a Confucian virtue commonly translated as humaneness or benevolence. It is expressed through caring conduct in human relationships and concern for others.

Confucianism: A Chinese ethical and philosophical tradition rooted in the teachings attributed to Confucius. Ren is one of the tradition’s central virtues.
Analects: A collection of sayings and conversations attributed to Confucius and his disciples. Its passages give influential accounts of ren and its practice.
Confucius: A Chinese teacher and thinker traditionally dated to 551–479 BCE, whose teachings shaped Confucianism. The Analects presents ren as a defining aim of Confucius’s ethical teaching.
Yi (Confucianism): The Confucian virtue of righteousness: acting appropriately according to moral judgment rather than personal gain. Yi emphasizes moral rightness, while ren emphasizes humane concern.
Five Relationships: A Confucian framework describing five relationships and the duties associated with them. Ren is practiced through care within relationships, not apart from them.
Zhong (Confucianism): A Confucian virtue of conscientiousness and faithful commitment in dealing with others. Zhong describes the sincere regard that supports ren in relationships.
Zhou dynasty: A Chinese dynasty conventionally dated from 1046 to 256 BCE, during which many formative institutions and ideas developed. Early Confucian accounts of ren arose within the social and political world of Zhou traditions.
De (Chinese virtue): A Chinese concept of moral power or virtue expressed through conduct and influence. De names the efficacy of virtue, not the particular humane quality of ren.
Li (Confucianism): Confucian ritual propriety governing conduct, ceremony, and social interaction. Li gives outward form to the care and respect expressed by ren.
Shu (Confucianism): A Confucian principle of reciprocity, often expressed as not imposing on others what one would not want. Shu turns concern for others into a practical test of conduct.

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