Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The sovereign state that declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1992 and existed through the Bosnian War until Bosnia and Herzegovina’s postwar constitutional order took effect in 1997.

Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina: A constituent republic of socialist Yugoslavia from 1945 until Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence in 1992. The state inherited Bosnia and Herzegovina’s republican territory and institutions from this Yugoslav predecessor.
Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina: The collective head-of-state institution established under Bosnia and Herzegovina’s 1990s constitutional framework. The presidency represented the republic’s executive authority during independence and war.
Siege of Sarajevo: The prolonged encirclement and shelling of Sarajevo by Bosnian Serb forces from 1992 to 1996. The besieged capital became the most visible symbol of the republic under attack.
Alija Izetbegović: A Bosnian politician who led the Party of Democratic Action and served as president during Bosnia and Herzegovina’s independence and war. As the republic’s leading wartime president, he represented its government internationally.
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: One of the two entities composing postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina, established by the Washington Agreement in 1994. It began as a wartime Bosniak-Croat federation and became part of the Dayton state structure.
Breakup of Yugoslavia: The dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia into separate states during the 1990s. The federation’s collapse created the political conditions for Bosnia and Herzegovina’s independence.
Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina: The national legislature of Bosnia and Herzegovina, composed of a House of Representatives and a House of Peoples. Its wartime predecessor legislated for the republic despite disrupted territorial control.
Srebrenica massacre: The July 1995 genocide in which Bosnian Serb forces killed more than 8,000 Bosniak men and boys at Srebrenica. The massacre exposed the limits of wartime protection for civilians in the republic.
Haris Silajdžić: A Bosnian politician who served as prime minister during much of the Bosnian War and later as foreign minister. He led the wartime government’s diplomatic efforts to secure support for the republic.
Republika Srpska: One of the two entities composing postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina, established under the Dayton Agreement. Its wartime origins and postwar status reflect the competing territorial order that replaced the republic.

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