Republic of New Afrika

The Republic of New Afrika is a Black nationalist organization founded in 1968 that advocates an independent Black nation in the southeastern United States.

Malcolm X: Malcolm X was an African American Muslim minister and human-rights activist who advocated Black self-determination. His arguments for Black nationalism and self-determination shaped the political climate in which the organization formed.
Black separatism: Black separatism advocates political, social, or geographic separation of Black people from white-dominated institutions. Its proposal for a separate Black nation is a territorial form of separatist politics.
Robert F. Williams: Robert F. Williams was an African American civil-rights leader known for advocating armed self-defense against racist violence. He became a prominent leader and international advocate for the Republic of New Afrika.
New Bethel Incident: The New Bethel Incident was a 1969 Detroit confrontation between Republic of New Afrika members and police that left one officer dead. The shootout brought intense scrutiny and criminal prosecutions involving the organization.
Pan-Africanism: Pan-Africanism is a movement promoting solidarity and political cooperation among African peoples and people of African descent. Its international solidarity overlaps with the organization's diaspora politics but does not require its territorial plan.
Black nationalism: Black nationalism is a political tradition advocating the unity, self-determination, and empowerment of people of African descent. It supplies the broader political tradition from which the organization's separatist program developed.
Self-determination: Self-determination is the principle that a people may choose its political status and pursue its own development. The organization frames independent nationhood as an exercise of collective political self-determination.
Imari Obadele: Imari Obadele was a Black nationalist organizer and a leading founder of the Republic of New Afrika. His organizing and political writing helped define the group's institutions and program.
United States v. U.S. District Court: United States v. U.S. District Court was a 1972 Supreme Court case restricting warrantless domestic security wiretapping. Surveillance of the organization formed part of the broader dispute over government security powers addressed by the case.
Black reparations movement: The Black reparations movement seeks redress for slavery, racial dispossession, and continuing harms to Black communities. Both seek historical repair, but the organization ties reparations to a specific claim for national sovereignty.

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