Republika Srpska

Republika Srpska is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s two entities, with a predominantly Serb population and its own institutions within the country’s constitutional framework.

Dayton Agreement: The 1995 peace agreement that ended the Bosnian War and established Bosnia and Herzegovina’s constitutional structure. Annex 4 created the framework in which Republika Srpska functions as an entity.
Bosnian War: The 1992–1995 conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina involving Bosniak, Croat, and Serb forces. Republika Srpska emerged as a Serb political entity during this conflict.
Radovan Karadžić: The Bosnian Serb political leader convicted of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. He led the wartime Serb entity later known as Republika Srpska.
Republika Srpska independence referendum: A proposed referendum on Republika Srpska’s separation from Bosnia and Herzegovina, opposed by state and international authorities. Proposals expose the difference between entity autonomy and a constitutional right to secede.
Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina: The constitutional text set out in Annex 4 of the Dayton Agreement. It defines entity powers and the shared institutions that constrain them.
Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina: The wartime name used for the Serb-led political entity proclaimed in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992. It was the predecessor whose institutions and territory developed into Republika Srpska.
Ratko Mladić: The Bosnian Serb military commander convicted of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. His forces fought for the wartime entity and committed crimes that shape its legacy.
Serbia: A sovereign country in southeastern Europe, bordering Bosnia and Herzegovina. Republika Srpska has close ties to Serbia but remains within Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: The other entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, established with Republika Srpska under the Dayton framework. Its coexistence with Republika Srpska structures the country’s entity-level government.
Siege of Sarajevo: The 1992–1996 siege of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s capital by Bosnian Serb forces. The siege became a defining episode of the wartime project associated with the entity’s formation.

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