Research

Research is the systematic investigation of a subject to establish facts, develop explanations, or create new knowledge. It uses explicit methods to gather and assess evidence.

Research question: A focused question that defines what an investigation seeks to answer. It sets the scope and direction of a research project.
Scientific method: A family of systematic approaches for developing and testing explanations through observation and evidence. It provides a general model for empirical investigation.
Basic research: Research intended primarily to expand knowledge or understanding rather than solve an immediate practical problem. It pursues explanations whose uses may emerge later.
Research ethics: Principles and practices governing responsible research, including participant protection and honest reporting. Research methods must respect people and avoid misconduct.
Qualitative research: Research that interprets non-numerical materials such as interviews, texts, or observations. It explores meanings and processes rather than relying primarily on numerical measurement.
Research design: A plan for collecting and analyzing evidence to answer a research question. It connects the question to suitable methods and evidence.
Evidence: Information that supports or challenges a claim or conclusion. Research conclusions depend on how evidence bears on claims.
Applied research: Research directed toward addressing a specific practical problem or need. It connects investigation to a defined real-world purpose.
Informed consent: Voluntary agreement to participate after receiving relevant information about a study and its risks. It protects the autonomy of people involved in research.
Quantitative research: Research that uses numerical data and statistical methods to describe patterns or test relationships. It emphasizes measurement and numerical comparison.

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Research and developmentNarrower topic: Research is one part of R&D; development adds work aimed at practical outputs.