Resistor

A passive electrical component that opposes current, producing a voltage drop and dissipating electrical energy, usually as heat. Its resistance is measured in ohms.

Ohm's law: The relation between voltage, current, and resistance expressed as V = IR for an ohmic conductor. It quantifies the voltage drop across a resistor at a given current.
Electric current: The rate at which electric charge passes through a point or cross-section. Current is the flow that a resistor opposes.
Current limiting: The restriction of current to a safe or desired level in an electrical circuit. A series resistor can protect an LED or other component from excessive current.
Capacitor: A passive component that stores energy in an electric field between conductors. Unlike a resistor, it stores energy rather than continuously dissipating it as heat.
Electrical resistance: The opposition a material or component presents to electric current, measured in ohms. A resistor is a component designed to provide a specified amount of this opposition.
Voltage: The difference in electric potential between two points, representing energy per unit charge. A resistor's terminals develop a voltage difference when current flows.
Pull-up resistor: A resistor connecting a signal line to a supply voltage so the line defaults to a defined high state. It prevents digital inputs from floating when no device actively drives the line.
Inductor: A passive component that stores energy in a magnetic field created by current. Its opposition depends on changing current, unlike a resistor's ideal frequency-independent resistance.
Electrical power: The rate at which electrical energy is transferred or converted, measured in watts. A resistor converts electrical power into heat according to its current and resistance.
Resistivity: An intrinsic measure of how strongly a material opposes electric current, independent of its dimensions. Material resistivity and geometry determine the resistance of a resistor element.

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