Reverse zoonosis

Reverse zoonosis is the transmission of an infectious agent from humans to other animals. It is also called anthropozoonosis or zooanthroponosis.

Spillover infection: An infectious agent crosses from one host species into another. Reverse zoonosis is spillover in the human-to-animal direction.
SARS-CoV-2 infection in animals: Infections of animal species by SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Human-to-animal transmission has been documented in pets, farmed mink, and wildlife.
One Health: An approach that treats human, animal, and environmental health as interconnected. It frames human-to-animal transmission as a shared health problem across species.
Conservation medicine: A field examining links among human health, animal health, and ecosystem conservation. Reverse zoonosis can threaten endangered species and complicate wildlife protection.
Zoonosis: An infectious disease or infection transmitted naturally from nonhuman animals to humans. It describes the opposite direction of transmission from reverse zoonosis.
Host range: The set of host species an infectious agent can infect. Host range determines which animals can acquire infections from humans.
Mink COVID-19 outbreaks: Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed mink, including transmission between mink and back to humans. They demonstrated that a human-origin virus could spread extensively in a dense animal population.
Zoonotic disease surveillance: The systematic monitoring of infections that move between animals and humans. Surveillance can detect animal infections linked to human cases.
Mink farming: The commercial raising of mink, mainly for their fur. Dense farm populations enabled large SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and viral evolution.
Anthroponosis: An infectious disease transmitted from humans to other humans. It concerns human-to-human spread rather than transmission into another animal species.

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