Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir

The 2019 Indian government action made most provisions of Article 370 inapplicable to Jammu and Kashmir and reorganized the former state into two union territories.

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Article 370 of the Constitution of India: A constitutional provision that established Jammu and Kashmir’s special relationship with the Indian Union. The revocation centered on making most of this provision’s clauses inapplicable.
Instrument of Accession of Jammu and Kashmir: The 1947 agreement through which Jammu and Kashmir acceded to India on specified terms. Its limited initial scope underlies the history of the state’s distinct constitutional relationship.
Jammu and Kashmir (union territory): An Indian union territory formed in 2019 from most of the former state of Jammu and Kashmir. It became one of the two successor territories created by the reorganization.
Supreme Court of India Article 370 judgment: The Supreme Court of India’s 2023 decision upholding the 2019 changes to Article 370. The judgment addressed constitutional challenges to the process and its legal validity.
Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019: A presidential order applying provisions of the Indian Constitution to Jammu and Kashmir in 2019. This order supplied the constitutional route used to alter Article 370’s operation.
Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir: The constitution adopted in 1956 that governed the former Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. It embodied the state’s internal constitutional arrangements before the 2019 reorganization.
Ladakh (union territory): An Indian union territory formed in 2019 from the Ladakh region of the former state of Jammu and Kashmir. Its creation separated Ladakh from the former state’s administration.
Indian federalism: The constitutional distribution of powers between India’s Union government and its states and territories. The dispute raised questions about Union authority over a state under President’s Rule.
Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019: An Indian law that divided the former state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories. This act implemented the territorial reorganization accompanying the status change.
Delhi Agreement of 1952: An agreement between India’s central government and Jammu and Kashmir’s leadership on the state’s constitutional relationship. It helped define how the special relationship would operate before later changes.