Revolution of 1930

A political-military movement that overthrew Brazil’s First Republic in 1930 and brought Getúlio Vargas to power, ending the old arrangement of oligarchic rule.

Old Republic (Brazil): Brazil’s political period from the fall of the monarchy in 1889 to the 1930 Revolution, marked by federalism and oligarchic influence. The regime the Revolution displaced rested on state oligarchies and negotiated presidential succession.
Getúlio Vargas: Brazilian political leader who governed from 1930 to 1945 and again from 1951 until his death in 1954. He led the victorious coalition and became head of the provisional government.
Brazilian First Republic: Brazil’s republican regime from 1889 to 1930, governed under a federal constitution and dominated by regional political elites. Its oligarchic order ended when the revolutionary coalition seized federal power.
Antônio Carlos Ribeiro de Andrada: A Brazilian politician from Minas Gerais who opposed Washington Luís’s succession plan and helped organize the opposition. His state’s break with São Paulo helped make the revolutionary alliance nationally viable.
Coffee with Milk Politics: The informal dominance of São Paulo and Minas Gerais elites in Brazilian national politics during the Old Republic. Its breakdown left Minas Gerais opposing the presidential succession backed by São Paulo.
Tenentismo: A movement of young Brazilian military officers who opposed oligarchic politics and sought political and social reforms. Tenentista officers and military rebels helped turn opposition into an armed challenge.
1934 Constitution of Brazil: The Brazilian constitution promulgated in 1934, establishing a new constitutional order after Vargas’s provisional government. It formalized a post-revolutionary political settlement while preserving Vargas as president.
Oswaldo Aranha: A Brazilian politician and diplomat who helped organize the 1930 movement and later served Vargas in senior roles. He was a key civilian organizer linking the opposition’s political plans to armed action.
Washington Luís: Brazilian president from 1926 to 1930 who backed Júlio Prestes as his successor. His succession choice helped provoke the opposition that formed the revolutionary coalition.
Military Junta of 1930: A provisional military authority that assumed control in Rio de Janeiro after the Revolution forced Washington Luís from office. The junta briefly held federal power before handing it to Vargas.

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