Riboflavin

Riboflavin, or vitamin B₂, is a water-soluble vitamin that the body converts into FMN and FAD, coenzymes used in oxidation–reduction reactions.

Flavin mononucleotide: A riboflavin-derived coenzyme that carries electrons in oxidation–reduction reactions. Riboflavin is phosphorylated to form FMN, which participates directly in cellular redox reactions.
Oxidation–reduction reaction: A chemical reaction in which electrons move between substances. FMN and FAD perform their metabolic roles by accepting and donating electrons.
Riboflavin deficiency: A condition caused by insufficient riboflavin, also called ariboflavinosis. Low intake can impair flavin-dependent reactions and produce characteristic mouth, skin, and eye symptoms.
Vitamin: An organic nutrient required in small amounts for normal growth and metabolism. Riboflavin is one member of the vitamin family, designated B₂.
Flavin adenine dinucleotide: A riboflavin-derived coenzyme that accepts and donates electrons in metabolic reactions. Cells make FAD from riboflavin through FMN; many metabolic enzymes depend on it.
Isoalloxazine: A three-ring chemical structure that forms the reactive core of flavin molecules. This ring system gives riboflavin-derived cofactors their electron-transfer chemistry.
Dietary reference intake: A set of nutrient-intake values used to assess and plan diets for healthy populations. Recommended riboflavin intake varies with age, sex, and life stage.
Vitamin B complex: A group of water-soluble vitamins that function in diverse metabolic processes. Riboflavin was identified among the factors once grouped as vitamin B.
Flavoprotein: A protein that contains FMN or FAD as a cofactor. Flavoproteins bind riboflavin-derived cofactors to catalyze electron-transfer reactions.
Adenosine triphosphate: A nucleotide that cells use as a major carrier of chemical energy. ATP supplies phosphate when riboflavin is converted into FMN.

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