Paddy field

A flooded or irrigated field used to grow rice. Its managed water levels suppress weeds and support rice varieties adapted to wet conditions.

Rice cultivation: The agricultural practices used to grow rice, from seed selection and planting to harvest. Paddy fields are one major system within rice cultivation.
Paddy rice: Rice varieties cultivated in flooded or irrigated fields. These varieties are adapted to the growing conditions that define paddy fields.
Rice: The edible grains of grasses in the genus Oryza, cultivated as a staple food worldwide. Rice is the crop for which paddy fields are chiefly managed.
Methane emissions from rice cultivation: Methane released from flooded rice soils through microbial activity and plant-mediated transport. Prolonged flooding creates oxygen-poor soils that can generate methane.
Upland rice: Rice grown in rain-fed fields that are not deliberately flooded. It contrasts with the water-retaining conditions typical of paddy cultivation.
Transplanting: Moving young plants from a nursery to the field where they will mature. Rice seedlings are often transplanted into prepared, flooded paddies.
Puddling (soil preparation): Working saturated soil into a soft, compact layer before planting rice. Puddling can reduce water loss through seepage and ease seedling establishment.
System of Rice Intensification: A set of rice-growing practices emphasizing young seedlings, wider spacing, and careful water and soil management. Its methods can be applied in irrigated paddy fields.
Rice-field biodiversity: The variety of organisms living in and around cultivated rice fields. Paddy habitats can support aquatic organisms and wildlife, depending on management.
Aerobic rice: Rice grown in non-flooded, well-aerated soil with supplementary irrigation as needed. It uses less standing water than conventional paddy systems.

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