Richard Laurence Millington Synge

Richard Laurence Millington Synge was a British biochemist who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Archer J. P. Martin for developing partition chromatography.

Archer J. P. Martin: Archer J. P. Martin was a British chemist who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing partition chromatography. Martin collaborated with Synge on the chromatographic method honored by the Nobel Prize.
Partition chromatography: Partition chromatography separates substances through repeated distribution between a stationary liquid phase and a mobile phase. Synge and Martin developed this separation principle, first applying it to amino acids.
Amino acid: An amino acid is an organic molecule with amino and carboxyl groups; protein-building amino acids also have distinctive side chains. Amino acids were the compounds Synge and Martin separated to demonstrate their method.
University of Cambridge: The University of Cambridge is a public research university in Cambridge, England, founded in 1209. Synge undertook his doctoral research there under the supervision of Frederick G. Hopkins.
Frederick Sanger: Frederick Sanger was a British biochemist who determined the amino-acid sequence of insulin and developed methods for sequencing DNA. Sanger’s protein-structure work followed the analytical problems Synge helped make experimentally tractable.
Paper chromatography: Paper chromatography separates mixture components as a solvent moves across paper carrying substances at different rates. Synge and Martin demonstrated partition chromatography using water held in filter paper.
Gramicidin S: Gramicidin S is a cyclic decapeptide antibiotic produced by the bacterium Bacillus brevis. Synge’s early research on this peptide helped motivate improved separation and analysis of amino acids.
Frederick Gowland Hopkins: Frederick Gowland Hopkins was a British biochemist whose research established the importance of vitamins and other dietary factors. Hopkins supervised Synge’s doctoral work at Cambridge.
Emil Fischer: Emil Fischer was a German chemist known for foundational research on sugars, purines, and amino acids. Fischer’s research on amino acids helped establish the chemical subject Synge later analyzed.
Chromatography: Chromatography is a family of methods that separate mixture components through their different interactions with stationary and mobile phases. Partition chromatography is one branch of the broader separation-method family.

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