Rights

Rights are normative claims or entitlements that establish what people may do or what others owe them. They can impose duties, protect choices, or grant powers.

Duty: A moral or legal requirement to act or refrain from acting. A right held by one person often corresponds to a duty owed by another.
Privilege: A special advantage or permission available to a person or group. A privilege may permit conduct without imposing a corresponding duty on others.
Natural rights: Rights understood to exist independently of government or positive law. Natural-rights theories ground entitlements in human nature or moral order.
Freedom of speech: The right to express opinions and communicate ideas without certain forms of restriction. It illustrates how a right protects conduct while defining limits on public authority.
Constitutionalism: The principle that government authority is limited by constitutional rules and institutions. Constitutional rights place enforceable boundaries on public power.
Liberty: The condition of being free to act without unjustified restraint. A liberty-right protects a person's choice to act or not act.
Interest: A matter that benefits, concerns, or motivates a person. Having an interest in an outcome does not by itself establish an entitlement.
Social contract: A theory that political authority arises from an agreement, actual or hypothetical, among people. Contract theories explain rights and duties through the terms of political association.
Right to privacy: A claim to protection against certain intrusions into personal life, information, or space. Privacy disputes test how rights constrain institutions and other individuals.
Judicial review: The power of courts to assess whether government actions comply with higher law. It is one institutional method for enforcing constitutional rights.

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