Knowra Robert M. Gagné Robert M. Gagné Robert M. Gagné was an American educational psychologist whose theories connected types of learning with instructional conditions and systematic lesson design.
Conditions of Learning : Gagné’s theory classifying learning outcomes and specifying the conditions that support each type of learning. This framework expresses his central claim that different learning outcomes require different conditions.
Instructional event : A planned teaching action intended to support a particular part of the learning process. Each of Gagné’s nine events names a function that instruction performs.
ADDIE model : An instructional design framework organized around analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Gagné’s systematic design work helped shape the instructional-design tradition in which ADDIE is widely used.
Edward Thorndike : An American psychologist whose experimental studies helped establish learning theory and educational psychology. Thorndike’s work on learning provided an earlier foundation for studying how instruction produces capability.
Learning hierarchy : An ordered sequence of prerequisite capabilities leading to mastery of a complex intellectual skill. Gagné used prerequisite hierarchies to analyze the skills instruction must build.
Advance organizer : An introductory framework that helps learners connect new material with relevant prior knowledge. It can prepare learners to understand new material, although it is not one of Gagné’s nine events.
Dick and Carey model : A systems approach to instructional design that links goals, assessment, instruction, and evaluation. This model develops a systematic design approach compatible with Gagné’s emphasis on aligned goals and instruction.
B. F. Skinner : An American psychologist who developed radical behaviorism and influential theories of operant conditioning. Gagné incorporated behavioral findings while developing a broader account of learning types and instructional conditions.
Nine events of instruction : A sequence of instructional events designed to support learning, from gaining attention to enhancing retention and transfer. This practical sequence translates his learning theory into lesson design.
Retrieval practice : A learning strategy that strengthens memory by requiring information to be recalled from memory. Gagné’s events include eliciting performance, giving learners a chance to retrieve and demonstrate learning.
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