Robert Moses

Robert Moses was a New York public official who shaped the region through highways, parks, bridges, and other public works. His unelected authorities concentrated extraordinary power over planning and construction.

Fiorello La Guardia: Fiorello La Guardia was New York City mayor from 1934 to 1945, known for reform politics and federal partnerships. As mayor, he backed Moses’s expansion of city parks and public works.
Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority: The Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority is a New York public-benefit corporation that operates bridges and tunnels. Toll revenue gave Moses an unusually independent source of funds for construction.
Northern State Parkway: The Northern State Parkway is a limited-access highway crossing Long Island in New York. Moses developed it as part of a parkway system serving Long Island’s growing suburbs.
Urban renewal: Urban renewal is the redevelopment of deteriorated or designated urban areas, often involving public acquisition and clearance. Moses’s projects used redevelopment powers to reshape neighborhoods on a large scale.
Transit-oriented development: Transit-oriented development clusters housing, services, and jobs around public transportation. It offers a contrasting growth pattern to the car-oriented development encouraged by Moses’s parkways.
Franklin D. Roosevelt: Franklin D. Roosevelt was the 32nd president of the United States and governor of New York from 1929 to 1932. As governor, he appointed Moses to lead the Long Island State Park Commission.
New York City Planning Commission: The New York City Planning Commission is the municipal body responsible for land-use planning and zoning. Its formal planning role differed from the project-centered authority Moses exercised through agencies.
Cross Bronx Expressway: The Cross Bronx Expressway is a major highway running across the Bronx in New York City. Its construction displaced residents and became a defining example of Moses-era urban renewal.
Highway revolts: Highway revolts are organized campaigns opposing proposed road construction, especially routes that threaten communities or historic places. Opposition to Moses’s expressways helped make local resistance a force in urban planning.
Garden city movement: The garden city movement promoted planned communities combining housing, industry, and green space. Its ideals influenced early regional planning and Moses’s parkway-and-park vision.

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