Rocket

A vehicle or projectile propelled by reaction force from expelled exhaust. Unlike an air-breathing engine, a rocket carries the propellant and oxidizer needed to produce thrust.

Newton's Third Law: A law of motion stating that forces between interacting bodies are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. Expelling exhaust backward produces a forward force on the rocket.
Propellant: Material consumed or expelled by a propulsion system to produce thrust or other motion. Rockets must carry propellant rather than draw it from the surrounding air.
Launch Vehicle: A rocket designed to carry spacecraft or payloads from Earth's surface into space. It is the rocket's principal role in placing satellites and exploration vehicles into space.
Jet Engine: An engine that produces thrust by taking in air, compressing it, adding energy, and expelling it at high speed. Unlike a rocket, it relies on atmospheric oxygen and cannot operate in a vacuum.
Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation: An equation relating a rocket's change in velocity to exhaust velocity and the ratio of its initial and final masses. It quantifies why carrying propellant imposes a severe limit on rocket performance.
Oxidizer: A substance that enables a fuel to release energy through oxidation. Rocket combustion can continue beyond the atmosphere because the oxidizer travels onboard.
Sounding Rocket: An uncrewed rocket that carries instruments on a brief suborbital flight for research or testing. It uses rocket flight to probe regions of the atmosphere and near-space.
Electric Propulsion: Spacecraft propulsion that accelerates charged particles or other propellant using electrical energy. It can achieve high propellant efficiency but usually produces far less thrust than chemical rockets.
Rocket Engine: A propulsion system that produces thrust by accelerating and expelling propellant. It is the component that converts propellant energy into an exhaust jet.
Momentum: The product of an object's mass and velocity, conserved in an isolated system. The exhaust and rocket exchange momentum as propellant leaves the vehicle.

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