Rolling stock

Rolling stock comprises the locomotives, passenger cars, freight wagons, and maintenance vehicles that operate on a railway. It is distinct from fixed infrastructure such as tracks and stations.

Locomotive: A powered railway vehicle that hauls or propels other rail vehicles. Locomotives provide traction for trains made up of unpowered vehicles.
Railway coupling: A mechanical connection that joins railway vehicles so they can be hauled together. Couplings transmit pulling and pushing forces between rolling-stock vehicles.
High-speed train: A train designed to operate at substantially higher speeds than conventional rail services. High-speed services require rolling stock engineered for fast, stable operation.
Railway infrastructure: The fixed facilities and equipment that enable railway operation, including tracks, signals, and stations. Infrastructure stays in place, while rolling stock moves over it.
Passenger car: A railway vehicle designed to carry passengers. Passenger cars form the passenger-carrying part of rolling stock.
Train formation: The arrangement and order of vehicles making up a train. Vehicle order affects a train's capacity, handling, and suitability for its service.
Freight train: A train that transports goods rather than passengers. Freight trains use wagons selected for their cargo and route.
Rail transport: The movement of passengers or goods using vehicles that run on rails. Rolling stock is the mobile equipment within the broader rail transport system.
Freight wagon: An unpowered railway vehicle designed to carry goods. Freight wagons carry cargo in trains hauled by locomotives or other powered vehicles.
Railway traction: The force that propels a train along the rails. Traction determines how powered rolling stock accelerates and hauls a load.

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