Roman–Seleucid War

A war fought from 192 to 188 BCE between the Roman Republic and the Seleucid Empire, ending in Rome’s victory over Antiochus III and the Treaty of Apamea.

Battle of Thermopylae (191 BCE): A Roman victory in 191 BCE that drove Antiochus III’s forces from Greece. Its defeat forced Antiochus to withdraw from Greece before the war’s decisive campaign in Asia Minor.
Antiochus III: A Seleucid king who ruled from 223 to 187 BCE and sought to restore his empire’s power. His intervention in Greece brought him into direct conflict with Rome.
Rhodes: A Greek island state whose naval power and diplomacy made it a major eastern Mediterranean actor. Rhodes supported Rome and received territory under the postwar settlement.
Peace of Phoenice: The 205 BCE treaty that ended the First Macedonian War between Rome and Philip V. Unlike Apamea, this settlement ended a conflict without a Roman campaign deep into Asia Minor.
Battle of Magnesia: A 190 BCE battle in which Roman and Pergamene forces defeated Antiochus III near Sardis. The decisive battlefield defeat that compelled Antiochus to accept Roman peace terms.
Aetolian League: A Greek confederation of cities and communities in central Greece. It invited Antiochus III to intervene against Roman influence in Greece.
Galatian Wars: A series of conflicts in which Hellenistic kingdoms and Rome confronted Galatian groups in Asia Minor. Rome’s victory over Antiochus left it positioned to intervene in disputes involving Galatia.
Treaty of Lysimachia: A 196 BCE agreement between Rome and Antiochus III concerning their respective interests in Asia Minor. Its contested terms foreshadowed the dispute that war and Apamea settled by force.
Treaty of Apamea: The 188 BCE treaty that ended the war and imposed territorial, military, and financial terms on the Seleucid Empire. It converted Rome’s battlefield victory into lasting limits on Seleucid power.
Philip V of Macedon: A king of Macedon who ruled from 221 to 179 BCE and fought Rome in the Second Macedonian War. His earlier war with Rome shaped the political settlement that preceded Antiochus’s intervention.

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