Romanism

Romanism is a term, often polemical, for Roman Catholic doctrine, practices, or allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church.

Anti-Catholicism: Hostility, prejudice, or discrimination directed against Roman Catholicism and its adherents. Romanism often frames Catholic beliefs through anti-Catholic criticism.
Roman Catholic Church: The Christian church in communion with the bishop of Rome and governed by its bishops and pope. Romanism takes its name from this church and its institutional allegiance.
Sola scriptura: The Protestant principle that Scripture is the sole infallible authority for Christian doctrine. It contrasts with Catholic accounts of Scripture, tradition, and teaching authority.
Council of Trent: A Catholic council held between 1545 and 1563 that clarified doctrine and initiated reforms in response to the Reformation. Its decrees became prominent reference points in Protestant descriptions of Roman doctrine.
Popery: A derogatory term for Roman Catholicism, especially its authority and rituals. This closely related polemical label shares Romanism’s emphasis on papal authority.
Papal supremacy: The doctrine that the pope holds supreme authority over the universal Church. Papal authority is a frequent target of polemical charges of Romanism.
Justification by faith: The Christian doctrine that sinners are made right with God through faith. Disagreement over justification became a central Reformation charge against Catholic teaching.
English Reformation: The sixteenth-century separation of the Church of England from papal authority and its subsequent religious transformation. English disputes over church allegiance helped give Romanism political force.
Reformation: A sixteenth-century movement that divided Western Christianity and established Protestant churches. The Reformation’s disputes supplied enduring contexts for accusations of Romanism.
Papal infallibility: The Catholic doctrine that the pope is preserved from error when defining certain teachings on faith and morals. Critics often cite this doctrine when describing Romanism as excessive papal authority.

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Antwerp MannerismRelated: It marks a later, more sustained turn toward Italian models among Netherlandish painters.