Romanization

Romanization represents text written in another script using the Latin alphabet. It can preserve pronunciation, spelling, or both, depending on the system.

Transliteration: A system for converting text from one writing system into another, often preserving spelling distinctions. Romanization is transliteration when it maps the source script’s written characters rather than its sounds.
Pinyin: The official romanization system for Standard Chinese in the People's Republic of China. Pinyin represents Mandarin pronunciation with Latin letters and tone marks.
Phonetic transcription: A notation that represents speech sounds, either broadly or in detailed phonetic form. Pronunciation-focused romanization can depart from the source script’s spelling distinctions.
Exonym and endonym: An exonym is an outside name for a place or group; an endonym is the name used by that place or group. Romanization makes endonyms legible in Latin script without necessarily replacing established exonyms.
Transcription (linguistics): The representation of speech sounds in written symbols, often using a standardized notation. Phonetic romanization transcribes pronunciation instead of preserving source-script spelling.
Hepburn romanization: A widely used system for writing Japanese with Latin letters, designed to reflect pronunciation. Hepburn is common in travel, education, and English-language writing about Japanese.
Grapheme-to-phoneme conversion: The conversion of written characters or letter groups into their corresponding speech sounds. Sound-based romanization depends on how source-script graphemes map to pronunciation.
Library catalog: An organized database of materials held by a library or group of libraries. Romanization conventions affect how works in non-Latin scripts are recorded and retrieved.
Romanization systems: Conventions that specify how text in a non-Latin script is represented with Latin letters. Each system sets its own letter mappings, conventions, and treatment of ambiguity.
Revised Romanization of Korean: South Korea's official system for representing Korean in the Latin alphabet, adopted in 2000. It standardizes Korean names and place names in Latin-script contexts.

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