Rome

Rome is Italy’s capital and largest city, built on the Tiber River. It was the political center of the Roman Republic and Empire and preserves layers of ancient, medieval, and modern history.

Colosseum: An ancient Roman amphitheater completed in the first century CE for public spectacles. Its scale and surviving structure embody imperial Rome’s investment in public entertainment.
Latium: A region of central Italy that was home to the ancient Latins and includes Rome. Rome developed within Latium’s network of communities and languages.
Julius Caesar: A Roman general and politician whose civil war and dictatorship hastened the Republic’s collapse. His rise transformed Rome’s political order and reshaped the city’s public landscape.
Roman Republic: The system of government that ruled Rome from the expulsion of its kings until the rise of Augustus. Rome was the Republic’s center, and its institutions shaped the city’s political spaces.
Constantinople: The ancient Greek city later made the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire and renamed Constantinople. Its rise as an eastern imperial capital challenged Rome’s singular position.
Roman Forum: A plaza in ancient Rome that served as a center of political, religious, and commercial life. Its ruins preserve the civic heart of the city before and during imperial rule.
Palatine Hill: One of Rome’s central hills, associated with the city’s earliest settlement and later imperial residences. Archaeological evidence places early habitation on this hill.
Augustus: The first Roman emperor, who established the Principate and ruled from 27 BCE to 14 CE. His building and political programs recast Rome as the capital of an empire.
Roman Empire: The state ruled by Roman emperors, at its height governing territories across Europe, North Africa, and western Asia. Rome served as the empire’s principal capital for centuries.
Ravenna: A city in northeastern Italy that served as a late western Roman imperial capital. Its role shows that imperial government could move away from Rome.

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