Rómulo Betancourt

Rómulo Betancourt was a Venezuelan politician who helped found Acción Democrática and served as president from 1945 to 1948 and from 1959 to 1964.

Rafael Caldera: A Venezuelan politician who founded COPEI and served as president from 1969 to 1974 and 1994 to 1999. Caldera negotiated Venezuela’s democratic pact with Betancourt and later succeeded him as president.
Acción Democrática: A Venezuelan social-democratic political party founded in 1941. Betancourt helped create the party that became the backbone of his political organization.
Generation of 1928: A group of Venezuelan students and intellectuals who challenged the dictatorship of Juan Vicente Gómez in 1928. Betancourt entered opposition politics during the student movement’s confrontation with Gómez.
Betancourt Doctrine: A foreign-policy principle opposing recognition of governments that came to power through coups or other undemocratic means. Named for Betancourt, the doctrine extended his democratic commitments into regional diplomacy.
Marcos Pérez Jiménez: A Venezuelan military ruler who governed as president from 1952 until his overthrow in 1958. His dictatorship was the authoritarian rule Betancourt opposed and helped displace.
Puntofijo Pact: A 1958 agreement among Venezuela’s leading democratic parties to defend constitutional government and share political commitments. Betancourt helped establish this compact after dictatorship fell, securing cooperation among rival parties.
Juan Vicente Gómez: A Venezuelan military dictator who ruled from 1908 to 1935, except for a brief interruption. Gómez’s authoritarian regime drove Betancourt into political opposition and exile.
Caracazo: A wave of riots and unrest in Venezuela in February 1989, triggered by austerity measures and rising transport costs. The uprising exposed social strains in the party system built during Betancourt’s democratic era.
Raúl Leoni: A Venezuelan politician who served as president from 1964 to 1969. Leoni, a fellow Acción Democrática founder, succeeded Betancourt through an elected transfer of power.
Venezuelan coup d'état of 1945: A military uprising in October 1945 that removed President Isaías Medina Angarita and brought a civilian-military junta to power. Betancourt chaired the junta that governed after the coup and introduced expanded political participation.

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