Rosa Luxemburg

Rosa Luxemburg (1871–1919) was a Polish-German Marxist theorist and revolutionary who co-founded the Spartacus League and the Communist Party of Germany. She was murdered in Berlin during the suppression of the January 1919 uprising.

Leo Jogiches: Leo Jogiches was a Lithuanian-born Marxist revolutionary and Rosa Luxemburg’s longtime political and personal partner. He collaborated with Luxemburg in organizing Polish and German socialist movements.
Marxism: Marxism is a tradition of social, political, and economic thought grounded in the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Luxemburg developed her revolutionary theory within Marxism’s analysis of capitalism and class struggle.
The Mass Strike: The mass strike is a political strategy in which large-scale workers’ strikes emerge through struggle and can develop into broader revolutionary action. Luxemburg’s 1906 pamphlet argued that strikes and political organization shape one another.
German Revolution of 1918–1919: The German Revolution of 1918–1919 overthrew the monarchy and established a republic amid mass uprisings and political conflict. Luxemburg returned to Germany’s revolutionary politics as the imperial regime collapsed.
Freedom of speech: Freedom of speech is the right to express ideas without unjustified state or institutional punishment. Luxemburg’s writings defend political freedom as essential to socialist democracy.
Karl Liebknecht: Karl Liebknecht was a German socialist politician and revolutionary who opposed the First World War and co-founded the Spartacus League. He shared Luxemburg’s antiwar politics and was murdered alongside her in 1919.
German Social Democratic Party: The German Social Democratic Party is a political party founded in the nineteenth-century workers’ movement. Luxemburg joined its revolutionary wing and challenged its leadership’s support for the war.
The Accumulation of Capital: The Accumulation of Capital is Luxemburg’s 1913 work on capitalist expansion and its dependence on noncapitalist social formations. This book presents her distinctive account of how capitalism expands beyond its own internal markets.
Spartacus League: The Spartacus League was a revolutionary socialist group in Germany that opposed the First World War. Luxemburg helped lead this organization from which the German Communist Party emerged.
Workers’ councils: Workers’ councils are elected bodies through which workers organize and exercise political or workplace authority. Luxemburg’s revolutionary politics emphasized mass participation and workers’ self-government.

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