Knowra Royal Dutch Shell Royal Dutch Shell Royal Dutch Shell was a multinational oil and gas company formed in 1907 by the merger of Royal Dutch Petroleum and Shell Transport and Trading. In 2022, it changed its name to Shell plc and moved its tax residence and headquarters to the United Kingdom.
Royal Dutch Petroleum Company : An oil company founded in the Dutch East Indies in 1890 that merged with Shell Transport and Trading in 1907. Its merger with Shell Transport created the group, while its production assets shaped the partnership.
Oil industry : The global system of companies and infrastructure that explores for, extracts, transports, refines, and sells petroleum. Shell’s businesses spanned nearly every stage of this industry’s supply chain.
Oil spills : Releases of crude oil or petroleum products into the environment, often causing ecological and economic harm. Shell has faced scrutiny and cleanup demands after spills from its operations.
British Petroleum : A British multinational energy company that developed from the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, founded in 1908. BP became Shell’s closest British-based integrated oil rival.
Shell Transport and Trading Company : A British oil transport and trading company founded by Marcus Samuel that merged with Royal Dutch Petroleum in 1907. Its shipping and trading network complemented Royal Dutch’s oil production.
Vertical integration : A business strategy in which one company controls multiple stages of a product’s production and distribution. Shell combined extraction, shipping, refining, and sales to coordinate its oil business.
Niger Delta : A densely populated region of southern Nigeria whose wetlands and communities have been heavily affected by oil extraction. Shell’s long-running operations there became central to disputes over pollution and local rights.
ExxonMobil : An American multinational oil and gas company formed in 1999 through the merger of Exxon and Mobil. Its scale and integrated operations make it a direct peer of Shell.
Marcus Samuel : A British businessman who founded Shell Transport and Trading and helped establish its oil trade with Asia. His company supplied the transport and trading capabilities that made the merger complementary.
Petroleum refining : The industrial process of separating crude oil into fuels and other useful products. Refineries turned Shell’s crude supplies into products for markets worldwide.
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