Rudolf Hess

Rudolf Hess was a German Nazi politician and Hitler’s deputy from 1933 until he flew alone to Scotland in 1941 in an unsuccessful attempt to negotiate peace with Britain.

Alexandra Palace: A London exhibition and entertainment venue that served as a German prisoner-of-war camp during World War II. British authorities first held Hess there after his 1941 flight to Scotland.
Duke of Hamilton: A Scottish aristocrat and Royal Air Force officer whom Hess hoped to meet during his 1941 flight. Hess believed Hamilton could help open peace discussions with Britain.
Nuremberg trials: A series of postwar trials prosecuting major German officials and organizations for crimes committed under the Nazi regime. Hess was tried by the International Military Tribunal after the war.
Peace mission to Britain: Rudolf Hess’s attempt to negotiate an end to Britain’s war with Germany through contacts he believed sympathetic to peace. The mission’s aims and Hess’s authority to act remain disputed.
Adolf Hitler: The leader of the Nazi Party and dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. Hess joined Hitler’s movement early and became his deputy.
Aerial reconnaissance: The gathering of information about terrain or enemy forces from aircraft. Hess navigated toward the Duke of Hamilton’s estate using maps and landmarks.
Spandau Prison: A prison in Berlin used to hold convicted Nazi leaders after the Nuremberg trials. Hess spent the rest of his life there after his conviction.
Hess's mental health: The psychiatric condition of Rudolf Hess, whose behavior and capacity were examined during his imprisonment and trial. His mental state became central to explanations of the Scotland flight and later prison conduct.
Beer Hall Putsch: A failed 1923 coup attempt by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Munich. Hess participated in the coup and was imprisoned with Hitler afterward.
Messerschmitt Bf 110: A German twin-engine aircraft used for long-range escort, interception, and other military roles during World War II. Hess flew this type of aircraft from Germany to Scotland.

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