Running

Running is human locomotion in which each stride includes a brief aerial phase, with both feet off the ground. It differs from walking, where at least one foot remains in contact with the ground.

Running gait: The coordinated sequence of movements and forces that make up a running stride. Its stance, flight, and swing phases describe the repeated cycle that defines running.
Skeletal muscle: Muscle tissue under voluntary control that produces movement by contracting. Its contractions generate the forces that move the limbs and propel the body.
Jogging: A form of running performed at a relatively easy, sustainable pace. It is a common recreational use of running focused on sustained movement rather than speed.
Cardiorespiratory fitness: The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity. Regular running can improve the body's capacity to sustain aerobic effort.
Racewalking: A competitive walking discipline requiring continuous ground contact and a straightened supporting leg. Its rules preserve a walking gait, unlike running's aerial phase.
Ground contact time: The duration a foot remains in contact with the ground during a stride. It helps characterize how runners apply force and move through each stance phase.
Tendon: A band of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone and transmits force. Tendons transfer muscle force and store elastic energy during repeated loading.
Sprint (running): A short-distance running effort performed at or near maximum speed. Sprinting emphasizes acceleration and peak speed rather than endurance.
Bone remodeling: The continual renewal of bone tissue through coordinated resorption and formation. Impact loading from running can stimulate adaptation, while recovery affects the response.
Hopping: Locomotion that repeatedly leaves and lands on the same foot. It shares flight phases with running but uses one leg for successive contacts.

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