Rupert's Land

Rupert's Land was a vast region of northern North America claimed by the Hudson’s Bay Company under a royal charter issued in 1670. The company governed and traded across much of the territory until its transfer to Canada in 1870.

Hudson's Bay Company: An English chartered company founded in 1670 to trade in the lands draining into Hudson Bay. The company’s charter established its claim to Rupert’s Land and its trading monopoly.
Hudson's Bay Company fur trade: The commercial network through which the Hudson’s Bay Company exchanged European goods for furs in northern North America. Fur trading posts and routes made the company’s territorial claim commercially consequential.
George Simpson: A Scottish-born administrator who governed the Hudson’s Bay Company’s North American operations from 1821 to 1860. His administration consolidated company power after its merger with the North West Company.
Rupert's Land Act 1868: An act of the British Parliament authorizing the transfer of Rupert’s Land from the Hudson’s Bay Company to Canada. It supplied the legal authority for the transfer, which took effect in 1870.
Northwest Territory: A historical region west of the Appalachian Mountains and south of the Great Lakes, ceded by Britain to the United States in 1783. Its name resembles Rupert’s Land, but it was a separate region with a different imperial history.
Royal Charter of 1670: The English royal grant that gave the Hudson’s Bay Company trading rights and territorial claims around Hudson Bay. Its wording defined the company’s claim to lands whose rivers flowed into Hudson Bay.
York Factory: A Hudson’s Bay Company trading post at the mouth of the Hayes River on Hudson Bay, operating from 1684 to 1957. It served as the company’s principal depot and administrative center for much of its early history.
Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk: A Scottish peer who organized settlements in British North America, including the Red River Colony. His settlement scheme brought agricultural colonists into territory used by Métis and First Nations communities.
Red River Resistance: The 1869–1870 Métis-led political movement opposing Canada’s takeover of the Red River Settlement. The resistance challenged a transfer made without local consent and produced negotiations with Canada.
British North America: The British colonies and territories in North America before Canadian Confederation and later independence. Rupert’s Land was one vast but sparsely administered component of Britain’s North American possessions.

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