Rural revitalization in China

China’s national effort to develop rural industries, infrastructure, public services, culture, and environmental protection while narrowing urban–rural disparities.

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Rural Revitalization Strategy: China’s national policy framework for coordinated rural development, launched in 2017. It translates the broader effort into five policy priorities and implementation plans.
Household Responsibility System: China’s post-1978 agricultural reform that contracted collectively owned land to individual households for production. It raised farm incentives while leaving collective ownership of rural land in place.
Agricultural Modernization in China: The use of advanced technology, larger-scale operations, and improved management to raise agricultural productivity in China. Modernized production is one route to stronger rural industries and farm incomes.
Rural-to-Urban Migration in China: The movement of people from China’s countryside to cities for work, education, or residence. Better rural opportunities may alter migration pressures without eliminating mobility.
Rural Land Rights in China: The legal rights and restrictions governing collective ownership, household contracts, and land use in rural China. Development projects must work within layered land rights and ownership rules.
Targeted Poverty Alleviation: China’s campaign to identify poor households and direct assistance toward eliminating extreme rural poverty. Its institutions and village-level data systems helped shape later rural development work.
Three Rural Issues: A Chinese policy framework focused on agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. This longstanding policy agenda supplied the strategy’s central concerns.
Agricultural Cooperatives in China: Organizations through which Chinese farmers coordinate production, purchasing, processing, or marketing. Cooperatives can help small farms share services and reach markets.
Hukou System: China’s household registration system, which ties access to many public services to registered locality. Service access and settlement status shape the urban–rural inequalities the strategy addresses.
Land Expropriation in China: The state acquisition of land in China, generally involving conversion from rural collective to state ownership. Infrastructure and investment can intensify disputes over compensation and control.