Russian Academy of Sciences

The Russian Academy of Sciences is Russia’s state-funded national academy, coordinating research institutions, conducting research, and advising on science policy.

Peter the Great: Peter I ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725 and pursued extensive state-led modernization. He founded the academy in 1724 as part of his effort to build Russian science.
Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations: A Russian government agency created in 2013 to manage federal scientific institutions. It assumed administrative control of many institutes formerly managed by the academy.
Mikhail Lomonosov: An eighteenth-century Russian polymath who advanced science, education, and the use of Russian in scholarship. His work and advocacy helped establish a Russian scholarly presence in the academy.
Science policy of Russia: The laws, institutions, and funding choices through which the Russian state directs scientific research. The academy advises the government and contributes to national scientific priorities.
National Academy of Sciences: A United States institution that advises the federal government on science, engineering, and medicine. It advises government but does not centrally manage a network of national research institutes.
Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences: The institution established in Saint Petersburg in 1724 that became the Russian Academy of Sciences. Its founding under Peter I established the academy’s institutional lineage.
Russian Academy of Sciences institutes: Research organizations affiliated with the Russian Academy of Sciences across scientific disciplines. These institutes carry out much of the academy’s research work.
Leonhard Euler: An eighteenth-century mathematician whose work shaped analysis, mechanics, and number theory. His years at the Saint Petersburg Academy made it an international center of mathematics.
Fundamental science: Research that seeks basic knowledge about nature and society without requiring immediate practical application. A major purpose of academy institutes is sustained research in fundamental disciplines.
Royal Society: A United Kingdom learned society that promotes scientific research and advises on science policy. Its independent learned-society model contrasts with the Russian academy’s state-funded structure.

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