Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections

Russian government-linked operations sought to influence the 2016 U.S. elections through social media, stolen and released materials, and attempts to access election infrastructure. U.S. investigations documented these efforts but did not establish that vote tallies were changed.

Internet Research Agency: A Russian organization that operated online influence campaigns, including efforts targeting U.S. audiences. Its employees created fake personas and political content aimed at influencing American voters.
2016 United States presidential election: The U.S. presidential election in which Donald Trump defeated Hillary Clinton. The election was the central target of the influence campaign.
Robert Mueller: The former FBI director who served as special counsel investigating Russian interference and related matters. His report documented Russian operations and examined links between the Trump campaign and Russia.
Intelligence Community Assessment of Russian Activities in the 2016 U.S. Election: A January 2017 U.S. intelligence assessment of Russian actions and intentions in the 2016 election. It concluded that Putin ordered an influence campaign and assessed its goals.
Election hacking: Cyberattacks that target election processes, political organizations, or election infrastructure. The 2016 operation was one instance of the broader phenomenon, spanning party networks and election systems.
Russian military intelligence: Russia’s military intelligence service, commonly known as the GRU. U.S. indictments attributed hacks of Democratic organizations and releases of stolen material to GRU officers.
Vladimir Putin: The president of Russia during the 2016 U.S. election period. U.S. intelligence assessed that Putin ordered an influence campaign to undermine confidence and favor Trump.
James Comey: The FBI director from 2013 until his dismissal in 2017. His public statements about the Clinton email investigation affected the campaign environment in which interference occurred.
Mueller report: The 2019 report by Special Counsel Robert Mueller on Russian election interference and related investigations. It detailed Russian social-media and hacking operations, and assessed evidence of campaign contacts.
Voter suppression: Actions intended to prevent or discourage eligible people from voting. Influence campaigns sought to shape political perceptions; that is distinct from proven obstruction of ballot access.

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