Russian invasion of Ukraine

Russia's full-scale military invasion of Ukraine, launched on 24 February 2022, escalated the Russo-Ukrainian War into a major interstate conflict.

Battle of Kyiv: A 2022 campaign in which Ukrainian forces repelled Russia’s attempt to seize Kyiv. Russia’s failed drive on the capital became the invasion’s first major strategic reversal.
Russo-Ukrainian War: An armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine that began in 2014 and intensified dramatically in 2022. The invasion was a major escalation of this conflict, which began with Russia’s annexation of Crimea.
Vladimir Putin: The president of Russia who ordered the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. His government launched the invasion and defines Russia’s political aims in the war.
Ukrainian refugees: People forced to leave Ukraine because of the Russian invasion and its effects. The invasion displaced millions, creating Europe’s largest refugee crisis in decades.
Battle of Mariupol: A 2022 siege and battle that ended with Russian forces capturing Mariupol. The city’s capture secured a land corridor and became a defining siege of the early invasion.
Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation: Russia’s 2014 seizure and annexation of Crimea, internationally rejected as illegal. It marked the first major Russian territorial seizure from Ukraine in the conflict that preceded the invasion.
Volodymyr Zelenskyy: The president of Ukraine since 2019 and the country’s leader during the full-scale invasion. His leadership and public appeals have helped sustain Ukraine’s resistance and international support.
War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine: Alleged and documented violations of international humanitarian law during Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Investigations into attacks and abuses have made accountability a central consequence of the war.
Battle of Bakhmut: A prolonged battle for the eastern Ukrainian city of Bakhmut, ending in Russian capture in 2023. Its attritional fighting illustrates the human and material costs of Russia’s eastern campaign.
War in Donbas: An armed conflict in eastern Ukraine that began in 2014 between Ukrainian forces and Russia-backed separatists. Fighting in Donbas formed the immediate conflict setting invoked in Russia’s case for intervention.

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