Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)

A war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire from 1877 to 1878, ending in Russian victory and major changes to the Balkans and Caucasus.

Siege of Plevna: A series of battles in 1877 in which Ottoman forces defended Plevna against Russian and Romanian armies. The prolonged siege delayed Russia’s advance through northern Bulgaria.
Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877): A rebellion against Ottoman rule that began in Herzegovina in 1875 and helped trigger a wider Balkan crisis. Its spread intensified pressure on the Ottoman Empire before Russia declared war.
Alexander II of Russia: Russian emperor from 1855 to 1881, known for emancipating the serfs and leading Russia during the war. He authorized the campaign that sought to weaken Ottoman power and aid Balkan Christians.
Treaty of Berlin (1878): The 1878 agreement that revised the Treaty of San Stefano and established a new political settlement in the Balkans. It replaced the war’s initial settlement with terms negotiated by the European powers.
Treaty of San Stefano: A March 1878 treaty that ended the war and imposed extensive changes on the Ottoman Empire. Its expansive Bulgarian settlement contrasts with the limits imposed at Berlin.
Battle of Shipka Pass: A series of battles for a strategic mountain pass in Bulgaria during the war. Russian and Bulgarian defenders held this route against repeated Ottoman attacks.
April Uprising: A Bulgarian revolt against Ottoman rule in 1876, suppressed with severe violence against civilians. The uprising and its repression helped mobilize Russian support for intervention.
Nikolai Obruchev: A Russian general and military planner who helped prepare the campaign against the Ottoman Empire. His planning informed Russia’s strategy for crossing the Danube and advancing into Bulgaria.
Principality of Bulgaria: An autonomous principality established under Ottoman suzerainty by the Treaty of Berlin in 1878. Its creation fulfilled part of the wartime program for Bulgarian self-government, on a reduced territory.
Great Eastern Crisis: A period of upheaval from 1875 to 1878 involving Balkan rebellions, Ottoman decline, and European rivalry. The war was the crisis’s decisive military phase, not the whole regional upheaval.

Linked from 22 pages