Rwandan genocide

The 1994 genocide in which Hutu extremist forces and participants murdered an estimated 800,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutu in Rwanda over about 100 days.

Interahamwe: A Hutu extremist militia that participated in the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. Its members organized and carried out killings alongside other forces.
Hutu: A major ethnic group in Rwanda and neighboring countries of the African Great Lakes region. Hutu extremists organized the genocide, while many Hutu opposed or were victimized by it.
Juvénal Habyarimana: Rwanda’s president from 1973 until his death in a plane crash on April 6, 1994. His death triggered the immediate political crisis in which the genocide began.
United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda: A United Nations peacekeeping mission established in 1993 to support implementation of the Arusha Accords. Its limited mandate and withdrawal of troops became emblematic of the international failure to protect civilians.
Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines: A Rwandan radio station whose broadcasts promoted Hutu extremism and incited violence against Tutsi. Its broadcasts helped identify targets and encourage participation in the genocide.
Tutsi: A major ethnic group in Rwanda and neighboring countries of the African Great Lakes region. Tutsi were the principal group targeted for destruction in 1994.
Agathe Uwilingiyimana: Rwanda’s prime minister from 1993 until her murder on April 7, 1994. Her assassination and the killing of other moderate leaders cleared opposition to extremist control.
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: A United Nations tribunal established in 1994 to prosecute crimes committed in Rwanda and neighboring states. It tried senior organizers and developed landmark jurisprudence on genocide and sexual violence.
Hutu Power: An extremist political ideology that promoted Hutu supremacy and hostility toward Tutsi in Rwanda. Its rhetoric framed Tutsi as enemies and legitimated mass violence.
Belgian colonial rule in Rwanda: Belgium’s administration of Rwanda, first under a League of Nations mandate and later a United Nations trusteeship. Colonial authorities institutionalized ethnic classifications and favored Tutsi elites.

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