Rwandan Patriotic Front

The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) is a political and military movement formed by Rwandan exiles that ended the 1994 genocide and became Rwanda’s governing party.

Rwandan Revolution: The upheaval around Rwanda’s independence that ended the monarchy and drove many Tutsi into exile. The revolution and ensuing exile created the communities from which the RPF emerged.
Rwandan Civil War: The 1990–1994 armed conflict between the Rwandan government and the RPF. The RPF’s campaigns unfolded within this war, which resumed during the genocide.
Rwandan government: The national governing institutions of the Republic of Rwanda. After its 1994 victory, the RPF-led government rebuilt and reshaped these institutions.
Rwandan National Unity and Reconciliation Commission: A Rwandan public institution tasked with promoting national unity and reconciliation after the genocide. Its work reflects the RPF-led government’s official approach to national reconciliation.
Rwandan refugees: People displaced from Rwanda, especially Tutsi who fled political violence and discrimination after 1959. Exiled Rwandans supplied the RPF’s early political constituency and many of its fighters.
Rwandan invasion of 1990: The RPF’s October 1990 military incursion into Rwanda from Uganda. This invasion began the civil war and established the RPF as a military force inside Rwanda.
Rwandan Patriotic Front-led government: The Rwandan administration formed under RPF leadership after the 1994 genocide. This government translated the movement’s wartime victory into national rule.
Human rights in Rwanda: The protection and exercise of civil, political, and social rights in Rwanda. Rights assessments examine the political constraints and abuses attributed to RPF-led rule.
Uganda Bush War: The 1981–1986 guerrilla conflict in Uganda that brought Yoweri Museveni to power. Many future RPF leaders gained military experience fighting alongside Museveni’s forces.
Arusha Accords: The 1993 agreements intended to end Rwanda’s civil war and share power between the government and RPF. The RPF negotiated these accords, whose implementation collapsed after the president’s plane was shot down.

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