Saad Zaghloul

Saad Zaghloul (1859–1927) was an Egyptian nationalist leader and statesman who led the Wafd movement and supported founding a national university, later Cairo University.

Safiya Zaghloul: An Egyptian nationalist who supported the Wafd movement and became known as the “Mother of the Egyptians.” His wife, she sustained the nationalist movement during his imprisonment and exile.
British occupation of Egypt: The period of British military and political control in Egypt beginning in 1882. The occupation created the political conditions Zaghloul’s nationalist movement opposed.
Wafd Party: An Egyptian political party that grew out of the Wafd nationalist movement founded in 1918. After Zaghloul’s death, the party continued his mass political tradition.
Egyptian Revolution of 1952: A military coup that ended Egypt’s monarchy and brought the Free Officers to power. It displaced the parliamentary political order associated with Zaghloul’s generation.
Mustafa al-Nahhas: An Egyptian politician who led the Wafd Party after Saad Zaghloul’s death. He inherited the party leadership and political legacy Zaghloul had established.
Egyptian protectorate: The British-imposed status governing Egypt from 1914 until its nominal independence in 1922. Its continuation after the First World War prompted demands for self-determination.
Egyptian Constitution of 1923: A constitution establishing a parliamentary monarchy in Egypt after the country’s 1922 independence declaration. The constitutional order followed the nationalist pressure Zaghloul helped generate.
Free Officers Movement: A clandestine group of Egyptian military officers that overthrew the monarchy in 1952. Its military strategy and republican aims contrasted with Zaghloul’s electoral politics.
Adli Yakan Pasha: An Egyptian statesman who pursued constitutional politics and served as prime minister during the British protectorate era. His rival political approach differed from Zaghloul’s mass nationalist mobilization.
Wafd: An Egyptian nationalist delegation and political movement founded around Saad Zaghloul in 1918. Zaghloul’s delegation became the organized vehicle for his independence campaign.

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