Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein was an Iraqi politician who ruled Iraq from 1979 to 2003. Convicted of crimes against humanity for the 1982 Dujail massacre, he was executed in 2006.

Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party: A pan-Arab political party founded in Syria that sought Arab unity and socialism. The Iraqi branch supplied the party-state through which Hussein consolidated power.
Iran–Iraq War: A war between Iraq and Iran that lasted from 1980 to 1988. Hussein launched the invasion of Iran, beginning the longest war of his rule.
Kingdom of Iraq: The Iraqi monarchy established in 1921 and ended by the 1958 revolution. Hussein's political generation came of age amid the monarchy's collapse and its aftermath.
Dujail massacre: The 1982 killing and persecution of residents of Dujail, Iraq, after an assassination attempt on Hussein. This episode formed the basis of the trial that sentenced Hussein to death.
Iraqi Regional Command: The senior leadership body of the Iraqi branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. Hussein used this party leadership to dominate state appointments and policy.
Anfal campaign: A 1987–1988 Iraqi military campaign against Kurdish communities in northern Iraq, involving mass killings and forced displacement. The campaign was conducted under Hussein's government and became central to charges against his regime.
14 July Revolution: The 1958 coup that overthrew Iraq's Hashemite monarchy and established a republic. The revolution opened the unstable republican era in which Hussein entered politics.
Iraq War: The conflict and political upheaval in Iraq following the 2003 invasion, commonly dated through the withdrawal of US forces in 2011. The removal of Hussein's government preceded years of insurgency and sectarian conflict.
Mukhabarat: The general Arabic term for intelligence services; in Iraq it commonly denotes the Iraqi Intelligence Service. Iraq's intelligence apparatus monitored opponents and helped enforce Hussein's rule.
Halabja chemical attack: A 1988 chemical weapons attack by Iraqi forces that killed thousands of civilians in the Kurdish city of Halabja. It became the most notorious single episode of the regime's campaign against Kurdish civilians.

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