Salmonella enterica

Salmonella enterica is a Gram-negative bacterial species with numerous serovars that cause intestinal and systemic infections in humans and other animals.

Type III secretion system: A protein-export apparatus that injects bacterial effectors into host cells. Salmonella uses this machinery to alter intestinal cells and promote invasion.
Serovar: A subdivision of bacteria distinguished by differences in surface antigens. Serovar names distinguish many clinically and epidemiologically important lineages within the species.
Foodborne illness: Disease caused by consuming food contaminated with infectious agents or toxins. Contaminated foods are a major route by which Salmonella reaches people.
Salmonella bongori: A second species in the genus Salmonella, found mainly in reptiles and other cold-blooded animals. It is the species-level counterpart to S. enterica and has a different host distribution.
Salmonella pathogenicity island 1: A genomic region encoding proteins that enable Salmonella to invade intestinal epithelial cells. Its secretion system triggers the gut-cell changes that initiate many intestinal infections.
O antigen: The variable outer portion of lipopolysaccharide on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria. Its variation helps define Salmonella serogroups and serovars.
Salmonella outbreak: An occurrence of Salmonella infections linked by time, place, or a common source. Outbreak investigations connect cases to contaminated foods, animals, or environments.
Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A: A human-adapted Salmonella enterica serovar that causes paratyphoid fever. It causes enteric fever like Typhi, but is a distinct serovar with different epidemiology.
Salmonella-containing vacuole: A membrane-bound compartment in host cells where Salmonella can survive and replicate. After invasion, intracellular bacteria remodel this compartment to support survival.
H antigen: A flagellar protein antigen used to distinguish bacterial strains. Flagellar antigen variants contribute to the serovar classification of Salmonella.

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